Spirits of the Corn and the Wild - Vol II - Paperback

THE GOLDEN BOUGH A STUDY IN MAGIC AND RELIGION THIRD EDITION PART V SPIRITS OF THE CORN AND OF THE WILD VOL. II SPIRITS OF THE CORN AND OF THE WILD BY SIR JAMES GEORGE FRAZER HON. D. C. L., OXFORD HON. LL. D., GLASUIW. HON. LITT. D., DURHAM FKLLOW o TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE. IN TWO VOLUMES VOL. II MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED ST. MARTINS STREET, LONDON 1933 CONTENTS CHAPTER IX. ANCIENT DEITIES OF VEGETA TION AS ANIMALS Pp. 1-47 i. Dionysus, the Goat and the Bully pp. 1-16. Dionysus as a goat, his association with the Pans, Satyrs, and Silenuses, 1-3 wood - spirits in the form of goats, 3 the bull as an embodiment of Dionysus in his character of a deity of vegetation, 3 sq. the ox sacrificed to Zeus Polieus at the Athenian bouphonia an embodiment of the corn-spirit, 4-7 the ox sacrificed to Zeus Sosipolis at Magnesia an embodiment of the corn-spirit, 7-9 Greek conception of the corn-spirit as both male and female, 9 the ox as a representative of the corn-spirit in Guinea, 9 sq., in China, 10-12, in Kashgar and Annam, 13 sq. annual inauguration of ploughing by the Chinese emperor, 14 sq. analogy of the Chinese custom to the agricultural rites at Eleusis and elsewhere, 15 the rending of live animals in the rites of Dionysus, 16. 2. Demeter, the Pig and the Horse, pp. 1 6-22. Association of the pig with Demeter, 16 sq. pigs in the ritual of the Thesmophoria, 17-20 analogy of the Thesmophoria to the folk-customs of Northern Europe, 20 sq the horse-headed Demeter of Phigalia, 2 1 sq. 3. Attis, Adonis, and the Pig, pp. 22-24. Attis and the pig, 22 Adonis and the boar, 22 sq . ambiguous position of pigs at Hierapolis, 23 attitude of the Jews to the pig, 23 sq. 4. Osiris, the Pig and the Bull, pp. 24-39. Attitude of the ancient Egyptians to the pig, 24 annual sacrifice of pigs to Osiris and the moon, 25 belief that eating of a sacred animal causes skin-disease, especially leprosy, 25-27 mere contact with a sacred object is deemed dangerous and requires purification, 27-29 the pig probably regarded at first as an embodiment of the corn-god Osiris, though afterwards it was looked on as an embodiment of his enemy Typhon, 29-31 the havoc wrought by wild boars in the corn a reason for regarding them as foes of the corn god, 31-33 the annual killing of the pig represented the annual killing of Osiris, 33 sq. Egyptian sacrifices of red oxen and red-haired men, 34 V vi CONTENTS Osiris identified with the sacred bulls Apis and Mnevis, 34 sq. stratifica tion of three types of religion in ancient Egypt, 35 sq. the stratification of religions corresponding to certain social types, 36 sq. examples of the religion of pastoral peoples, reverence of the Dinka and Nuehr for their cattle, 37-39. 5. Virbius and the Horse pp. 40-47. Tradition that Virbius in the character of Hippolytus was killed by horses, custom of excluding horses from the Arician grove, 40 goats excluded from the Acropolis at Athens, but sacrificed on it once a year, 40 sq. a horse annually sacrificed at Rome in October, apparently as an embodiment of the corn-spirit, 42 sq. analogy of the sacrifice to harvest customs of Northern Europe, 43 sq. other examples of the exclusion of horses from sanctuaries, 45 sq. uncertainty as to the reason for excluding horses from the Arician grove, 47. CHAPTER X. EATING THE GOD . . . Pp. 48-108 I. The Sacrament of First-fruits, pp. 48-86. New corn eaten sacramentally as the body of thecorn-spirit, 48 the custom in Wermland, 48 sq. old Lithuanian ritual at eating the new corn, 49 sq. modern European ceremonies at eating the new corn or potatoes, 50 sq. ceremony of the heathen Cheremiss at eating the new corn, - 51 ceremony of the Aino at eating the new millet, 52 ceremonies of the Melanesians of Reef Island at eating the new bread-fruits and yams, 52 sq. ceremony of the New Caledonians at eating the first yams, 53 ceremonies at eating the new rice in Buru and Celebes, 54 ceremonies at eating the new rice in Ceram and Borneo, 54 sq...